Yes, there are a number of alternative approaches to wastewater containment systems. One such alternative is decentralized wastewater treatment systems, which involve on-site treatment and disposal of wastewater at or near the source. These systems, like septic tanks or package treatment plants, can be suitable for areas without access to centralized sewer networks.
Additionally, innovative technologies such as constructed wetlands, membrane bioreactors, or anaerobic digestion offer alternative methods for treating and reusing wastewater. These systems provide opportunities for decentralized and sustainable wastewater management, reducing the reliance on traditional centralized infrastructure.