Many species of algae produce oils that can be converted into biodiesel, bioethanol, or biogas. Certain microalgae, especially those with high lipid content, are particularly suited for this purpose. Compared to traditional crops, algae can grow much faster, require less land, and can be cultivated in non-arable areas, including brackish or wastewater.
Algae also absorb carbon dioxide during growth, contributing to carbon capture efforts. After harvesting, the algae biomass is processed to extract lipids, which are then refined into biofuel using chemical or thermal processes. Although the potential for algae-based biofuels is significant, challenges remain around improving yields, reducing production costs, and scaling up technology to make it economically competitive with fossil fuels.
