Reservoir operators use a mix of physical barriers, design features, and maintenance practices to prevent contamination from animals or debris. Covers or enclosures are the most effective solution, as they physically block birds, insects, and larger animals from entering the water. For open reservoirs, fencing and controlled access points are used to keep livestock, wildlife, and unauthorized people away from the storage area.
At inflow points, screens and filters capture leaves, branches, and windblown debris before they can enter the reservoir. Around the perimeter, proper grading and drainage systems help divert stormwater runoff, which could otherwise carry soil, organic matter, or waste into the reservoir.
