Algae farms can be affected by diseases and pests that disrupt growth and lower productivity. Bacterial infections are a common issue, with some bacteria competing with algae for nutrients or releasing harmful compounds that damage cells. Fungal contamination can also occur, particularly in open systems, where spores enter the water and colonize algae surfaces.
Viruses that specifically target algae species can cause cell lysis, reducing population density and disrupting culture stability. In larger systems, zooplankton grazers such as rotifers, ciliates, and copepods can feed on algae cells, especially in open ponds. These pests can quickly multiply and consume entire cultures if not controlled. Poor water quality, unbalanced nutrients, and environmental stress can weaken algae defenses, making them more susceptible to these threats.
