The lifespan of a silage cover varies significantly by the type and quality of material used and the care with with it is treated. Some silage covers are designed to be single use and so use less durable materials to limit costs. In addition, the design of the covers may actually require tearing or destroying the cover as it is removed, so they can't be employed for more than a single year.
Other silage covers are built with extremely durable materials that include long-term UV resistance. They're constructed to be deployed, retrieved, stored, and deployed again without damage, and they're able to be patched if damage does occur. There are still variations in the expected lifespan (and price), but reusable silage covers are generally offered with 5 or 10 year lifespans.