Wells can go dry if an aquifer is depleted without having any opportunity for recharge. Aquifers lose water as its discharged through pumps, wells, and seepage into springs and rivers. It's supposed to be recharged as precipitation and runoff seeps into the earth. However, if there isn't enough precipitation, or if discharge rates become too great, the aquifer may become dry.
If a well's aquifer has dried out, the well may need to be moved, or deeper digging may need to occur in order to reach the water again.