Topography plays a significant role in selecting sites for desalination storage reservoirs because the shape and elevation of the land directly affect construction costs, storage capacity, and operational efficiency. Ideally, a reservoir is placed in a natural depression or valley, which reduces the amount of excavation and lining material needed, lowering overall costs. Flat or gently sloping land can also be suitable, but it usually requires more earthworks to shape and stabilize the reservoir.
Elevation is another key factor. Reservoirs built at higher ground can use gravity to help distribute water through the supply network, reducing the need for continuous pumping and lowering energy costs. On the other hand, if the plant is at sea level and the reservoir is located inland at higher elevation, pumping systems must be designed to lift water efficiently.
