A fire pond, also called a fire suppression pond, is a body of water strategically located and designed to provide a water source for firefighting efforts. Fire ponds can vary in size and design. Still, their primary purpose remains the same: to supply water in areas where hydrants and other conventional water sources are limited or non-existent.
In the event of a wildfire, having a fire pond nearby can make a significant difference in firefighting efforts by enabling them to respond quickly to a fire without the need to travel long distances for water. Fire ponds can also be used for irrigation and as a habitat for local wildlife, making them a beneficial addition to any rural landscape.
We’ve discussed the role of fire ponds in fighting Oregon’s wildfires and protecting communities along the WUI in previous articles in this series. We’ve also discussed permitting, site selection, planning, and the building process. In this article, we’ll focus on the work needed to maintain a fire pond.
Maintaining a Fire Pond
Regular fire pond maintenance is crucial to ensure the pond remains a reliable water source for firefighting operations.
- Vegetation Management: Vegetation around the fire pond must be managed to prevent overgrowth and obstruction of access points. Clear access points ensure easy access for firefighters, while regular trimming and weeding help minimize the spread of invasive species. Remove any dead or flammable vegetation near the pond’s perimeter to eliminate fuels for any potential approaching fires.
- Debris Removal: Use rakes or machinery to gather and remove large debris, such as fallen branches, logs, and trash from the pond. Smaller debris, such as fallen leaves or trash, should be frequently cleared from the fire pond to prevent clogging of pumps and valves. Nets are usually sufficient for this task.
- Checking Water Levels: Monitor the water levels in the fire pond regularly. Adequate water levels are crucial for firefighting operations. If the levels are low, check for leaks or seepage, and if practical, take necessary steps to replenish the pond, such as diverting additional water sources or using supplemental pumps.
- Inspecting Embankments: Regularly check the embankments surrounding the fire pond for signs of erosion, cracks, or damage. If damage signs are present, consult with an engineer who can assess the situation and recommend immediate action to preserve the structural integrity of the pond.
- Inspecting and Maintaining Equipment: Regularly check and maintain all equipment associated with the fire pond, such as pumps, hoses, and valves. Ensure they are in excellent working condition and promptly repair or replace faulty components.
- Testing Dry Hydrants and Pumps: Dry hydrants and pumps connected to the fire pond should be tested regularly to ensure they are in working condition and can provide sufficient water flow during emergencies.
- Training and Education: Provide adequate training to personnel responsible for the fire pond’s maintenance. Educate them on best practices, safety protocols, and emergency procedures to ensure efficient and effective pond use during firefighting operations.
- Compliance with Regulations: Stay informed about local regulations regarding fire pond maintenance and ensure compliance. These regulations may include specific requirements for embankment design, water capacity, or water quality.
Cleaning a Fire Pond
Cleaning a fire pond involves removing submerged debris or sediment that could affect the water quality or the dry hydrant’s functionality. Cleaning can be done manually or with the help of a professional pond cleaning service. Removing sediment can also mitigate problems with invasive aquatic weeds and algae by eliminating a significant source of excess nutrients.
- Debris Removal: Start your cleanout by removing large debris such as submerged branches, logs, trash, or other foreign objects from the fire pond. Use rakes or machinery to gather and remove these materials.
- Sediment Removal: Sediment buildup can reduce the pond’s storage capacity. Consider using equipment like dredges or suction pumps to remove accumulated sediment. This process should be done carefully to avoid damaging the pond’s liner or microbial ecosystem.
Managing Debris and Sediment
When debris and sediment are continually washed into your pond, it can require more than occasional cleanouts.
Over time, sediment buildup reduces the depth of the pond, which can lead to decreased water storage capacity: a critical concern for fire ponds! Sediment also contains excess nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which can promote algae growth and other aquatic weeds that clog pumps and other vital infrastructure.
To minimize debris entry into the pond, install a debris screen or grate at the inlet to catch large items. Regularly inspect and clean these screens to maintain their effectiveness.
Heavy sedimentation is common when a pond is fed through surface runoff over disturbed areas. A settling pond might be a valuable addition if your fire pond is holding less water or filling up with sand and muck.
A settling pond is a separate section within the fire pond where water is directed before it enters the main storage area. The settling pond typically has a large surface area that slows the water as it travels, giving sediment particles enough time to settle at the bottom. A slower water flow decreases the sediment load as it enters the main pond and ensures that the water is clear and suitable for firefighting.
Restoring a Fire Pond
Over time, a fire pond may require restoration, which may involve repairing damage to the pond or its embankment, improving the water quality, or enlarging the pond to increase its water capacity. Professionals should always carry out major restoration to ensure the pond’s infrastructure is preserved and it remains a reliable and effective water source for firefighting.
