In addition to ensuring that contaminated water from oil and gas production does not negatively impact people by accidentally entering soil or water supply, impact on waterfowl and migratory birds is also being assessed. With the gas and oil production industry generating over 56 million barrels of water per day, equating to more than 858 billion gallons of water per year, these processing facilities are large and numerous. Thus, environmental organizations are looking closely at the best ways to protect fowl.
Because skim and reserve pits are typically not covered and evaporation ponds remain open to take advantage of natural evaporation processes, birds have easy access to highly contaminated water. Insects are drawn to this liquid and die in large numbers; attracting birds that intend to feed and nest in large numbers. Additionally, these processing pits and ponds are typically located in rural, arid regions, which make them highly attractive to migrating birds. Sadly, many birds meet their demise in these pits and ponds. Many migratory birds intend to feast on the plentiful dead insects, but unknowingly become covered in oil and trapped on the ledge. If they are able to retreat, they can become ill from ingesting oil while preening or from consuming contaminated insects and water. High salinity levels can also impact their reproductive health. On top of these issues, oil actually impairs the insulating ability of their feathers.
Thankfully, there are multiple ways to protect waterfowl and migratory birds. The most effective strategy is to install nets over ponds and pits to keep birds from entering. Noise machines can also be used to deter fowl, though the effectiveness is not as certain. Additionally, skimming oil off the top of the water can limit hazards and insect removal can also reduce appeal. US Fish and Wildlife has instated regulations and guidelines, which may vary by location, so it is always a good idea to make sure you are in compliance with the rules of your state.
