Specifically, potable water is free from harmful bacteria, germs, suspended impurities and salts. It is clear, colorless and odorless. It can contain small amounts of dissolved gasses and minerals which impart taste and are useful for metabolic functions.
Potable water is another word for drinking water, and it generally comes from surface and ground sources such as natural springs and rivers, or from municipal sources like wastewater treatment plants. To be classified as potable, water is tested and treated so that it meets state and federal standards for human consumption. Even water from natural sources receives treatment for contamination by microorganisms, bacteria, toxic chemicals, viruses and fecal matter. In fact, until it is treated, water from lakes, rivers, groundwater (wells) and even natural springs is considered not-potable, or not safe to drink.
What Kind of Water is Safe to Drink?
Rainwater
Rainwater is generally considered safe to drink -- mostly, but even rainwater can pick up contaminants like dust and smoke as it falls. Rainwater frequently contains chemicals like iodine, bromine, boron, iron, alumina, and silica, and in some areas of the US, it even contains high levels of “toxic forever” chemicals.
Well Water
In general, well water is assumed to be safe to drink, but it can contain microorganisms and chemicals that can cause illness. Public or community wells that are regularly tested can be trusted, but it’s up to the owner of private wells to ensure the water is clean and safe. Even wells that were recently tested may become unsafe if toxic chemicals or organic waste is released and infiltrates the aquifer from which the well draws.
Distilled Water
Distilled water is extremely pure. In the distillation process, water is evaporated and stripped of everything except hydrogen and oxygen and condensed. Without important minerals like calcium, sodium and magnesium that give tap water its familiar flavor, most people consider distilled water to taste flat and unpleasant.
Tap Water
Tap water from your local municipal utilities or well water should be clear with no odor or funny taste. If water tastes metallic, smells fishy or comes out cloudy, it could indicate that unsafe contaminants are present. Check with your utility to see if there are any problems with the supply lines or a boil water advisory in your area. If no problems are reported by your utility, or if you’re using well water, consider having your water tested, and find an alternate source for drinking water in the meantime.
What is Potable Water Used For?
In most cities and towns, potable water is used for drinking, cooking, drinking fountains, showers, toilets, handwashing, etc. In remote areas, not served by municipal or community water sources, potable water may only be used for direct human consumption, as in drinking and cooking, while non-treated water fulfills the other needs.
Many industries use potable water in their facilities. Smelting plants, petroleum refineries, chemical producers, and paper products all use high quality potable water during production. Mining, energy, agricultural and marine industries also use potable water because it’s known to be high quality and free of dangerous contaminants. Pharmaceutical companies often use potable grade water to manufacture bulk pharmaceutical chemicals or bulk drugs.
The food and beverage industry is an obvious consumer of potable water, where it is essential in the production of safe food products. In addition to using water in the preparation of food, it’s used for cleaning the facility and other purposes where contamination could be an issue.
Actually, the biggest use of potable water is in primary crop production such as vegetables, where it’s used for irrigation and is in direct contact with the product. Recycled water can be used in some cases, but it must meet the same standards as potable water.
